Formative assessment: The purpose of formative assessment is to monitor student learning and provide continuous feedback that teachers can use to improve teaching and students can use to improve learning. More specifically, formative assessment:
Summative assessment: The purpose of summative assessment is to assess a student’s learning at the end of a teaching unit by comparing it with some standard or benchmark.
I personally prefer summative assessments because they are mostly text/exams, and the best way to test learners’ knowledge in my opinion is through examinations. Summative assessments are relatively fair to formative assessments because the answers are either right or wrong whereas formative assessments can be often controversial.
With the rapid development of science and technology, the education industry is also affected by technology and digitalization.
Nowadays, everyone has a mobile phone in their hand, and they use their smartphones in all sorts of ways, but very few of them use their phones for learning. Especially for students, in their hands, mobile phones are nothing more than a tool to play games, follow TV series or do some other entertainment activities. One of the reasons why students don’t like learning is boring and boring. However, this phenomenon can be avoided by integrating AR technology into classroom education. Compared with the traditional teaching model, AR is more interactive, enabling students to learn new knowledge with augmented reality feeling, which is impossible to be achieved by other teaching methods. By using head-mounted AR devices in the classroom, students can have an immersive learning experience. For example, in astronomy classes, students could put on a device and literally travel through the universe.
Examples you have been a part of in your classes of Gamification
I’ve been in a gamification class called the missing letters game, in one of my ESL classes. The teacher asked the students to put the letters in the pictures together in order to make reasonable English words. I found this teaching method very interesting and promoted my interest in English learning.
In this game, we will use the dictionary to extract English words so that we can sort the letters. In the process of looking through the dictionary, students often read many words, which helps students to master more English vocabulary. In addition, students will work in groups to complete game tasks, so that students can not only learn knowledge but also practice their teamwork skills. Finally, students will not feel bored with the learning process by using this way of learning through games. On the contrary, students will have a strong interest in learning.
Therefore, I think the game-like learning method is of great help to improve students’ interest in learning. I hope instructors can make the teaching method gamified to attract students’ attention to learning.
The 21st century is the information age. Multimedia teaching technology, as a new form of education and modern teaching means, brings new hope and influence to traditional education. However, Inappropriate editing or production of instructional videos may make it difficult for students to grasp important information of the learning content.
Instructional videos should be divided into sections so that students can easily grasp the beginning and end of each knowledge point. We need to make sure that each paragraph fades in and out of the video to make it easier for the viewer to watch the point that each paragraph wants to emphasize. Moreover, a proper title and closing title will give viewers a sense of the video’s theme. In addition, teachers may also consider adding subtitles to the voice of the video, which can be convenient for learners not only to hear but also to see what teachers want to express.
Finally, “When using video clips in the classroom, shorter clips (around five to ten minutes) help students learn the information without being overloaded or losing their focus. Longer videos are also effective — however, their total length should typically be limited to no more than 30 minutes.”( Bevan, 2020, Why Videos are Important in Education) Therefore, Short instructional videos around five to ten make it easier for students to grasp the main points of the course contents.
Below is a sample video clip I edited for reference.
References:
Max Bevan, B.B.A. (2020, Mar 25).Why Videos are Important in Education. next thoughts studios. https://www.nextthoughtstudios.com/video-production-blog/2017/1/31/why-videos-are-important-in-education
The SAMR model is a hierarchical model for selecting, applying, and evaluating the use of technology in education. Moreover, The model can help educators think about the role of technology in supporting learning. I will break down the four letters SAMR to analyze the benefits of each. First, “substitution” and “augmentation” are word processing software or tools that expose students to digital information. These tools can make functional improvements to learning tasks but have not yet touched upon the essence of the task.
On the other hand, “Modification” and “redefinition” are different areas than “substitution” and “augmentation”. Technology changes learning tasks in complex ways, or redefines existing tasks, resulting in previously unimagined learning outcomes. Learning can be dramatically changed through personalized learning techniques. Google Docs, for example, allows multiple students to complete team projects or assignments at the same time, which not only saves students time but also makes their learning process easier.
References:
Erica R. Hamilton. The Substitution Augmentation Modification Redefinition (SAMR) Model: a Critical Review and Suggestions for its use. 2016, https://linkspringercom.ezproxy.library.uvic.ca/content/pdf/10.1007/s11528-016-0091-y.pdf
First, the segmenting principle segmented realistic fragments, it can help learners better focus on different learning contents, but they may fail to grasp different learning fragments due to too many segmentations.
Second, the pretraining principle will introduce the content of the course in advance, which can pave the way for learners’ thinking and help learners master the content of the course in advance. However, when learners already know what they are going to learn, it may make them less interested or even lose interest in learning, which will lead to poor learning outcomes.
Third, the modality principle can help learners better participate in the teaching environment. At the same time, the teaching of spoken text and graphics can effectively improve learners’ interest in learning. Nevertheless, excessive situational teaching may affect students pay too much attention to it and it could reduce the efficiency of learning.
After reading this week’s post, I have analyzed why the following characteristics in Instructional design models are important:
Instructional design is learner-centered: Learner and his/her performance are the focal points. Teaching design should be learner-centered because different learners have different learning styles. If teachers want learners to learn knowledge to the maximum extent, they should develop teaching styles suitable for learners.
Instructional design is goal-oriented: Well-defined goals are essential. Learning without goals will lead to low learning efficiency, so it is very important for learners to set goals.
Instructional design typically is a team effort. This process usually involves teamwork. If only one person designs the teaching method, the designed teaching method will have many shortcomings. It will be suitable for most learners to sum up the teaching experience and work out the specific teaching method together. Experience plays a very important role in teaching design.
From what we’ve learned this week, three different learning theories have helped us recognize three different learning methods and their advantages and disadvantages.
I think this learning theory is very suitable for some practical courses, such as experimental physics, mechanical engineering and so on. Moreover, Behaviorism pays more attention to restoring discipline operation, which greatly reduces errors in practical operation and enhances the understanding of discipline.
Cognitive theories is opposite of behaviourist theories, it focuses more on reading and understanding, which I think is suitable for theoretical subjects, such as theoretical physics, philosophy, history and so on. On the other hand, cognitive theories foucs on learner’s memories of the subject, it ensures that the learner understand the theories behind the subject.
Constructivist theories is my favorite theory, which is to having students work in their own fields and summarize what they are learning can help students develop more innovative content based on what they already know.
The most impressive example of a multimedia learning experience for me is a PowerPoint presentation. In some of my university courses, students are required to form a group at the end of the semester to explain and discuss research projects with the class. For me, in my first year in college, I was afraid of speaking in public, but college courses for the requirements of the Powerpoint presentation made me force myself out of my comfort zone, it also makes me become bolder. I fell in love with this kind of multimedia learning method, it makes me have a more clear and more independent understanding curriculum content of the courses, at the same time when other students finished the presentation, I will also be bolder to ask them questions about the content of the course. From this perspective, PowerPoint Presentation has a positive impact on my learning. Moreover, PowerPoint presentations can exercise people’s speech ability in public, language organization ability, spontaneous reaction, and so on, which are very important for students. I think students’ ability should not only be reflected in writing, but also in language and language. Finally, compared with traditional learning methods, multimedia learning methods make me feel that learning is a kind of fun, and I will learn more voluntarily.
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